Tuesday, October 16, 2012

BACTERIA

BACTERIA
Tonsillitis,  pneumonia,  cystitis,  school  sores  and  conjunctivitis  all  have  one  thing  in  common  - they are all
caused by bacteria. Bacteria are not all bad. They are essential  for  the production of many  foods,  from wine and
beer to mature cheese and yoghurt. 

Bacteria are microscopic single celled organisms  that are between 0.3 and 10 microns  in  length. A  thousand
microns make one millimetre, or a micron is 0.0000001 of a metre. Bacteria are everywhere in the environment in
extraordinarily vast numbers. Every gram of soil contains between 1,000,000,000 and 20,000,000,000 bacteria, as
well  as  10,000,000  to  50,000,000  fungi,  about  20,000  algae  and  100  to  1000  protozoa  and  other  single  celled
organisms. Amazingly, eight out of every ten cells in our bodies is actually a bacterium, and there are between 500
and 1000 different types of bacteria in a person’s body at any time. That means that we are more a bacteria than a
human. The ratios of these bacteria vary from one person to another, and can be as identifying as a fingerprint. It is
obvious that humans evolved with these bacteria and could not survive without them.
Human  life  would  be  impossible  without  bacteria  as  they  are  essential  for  our  digestive  systems,  the
manufacture  of  some  essential  vitamins,  and  the  good  symbiotic  bacteria  even  fight  of  the  pathogenic  ones.
Sometimes  the beneficial bacteria multiply excessively or move  to different areas of  the body where  they become
pathogenic (harmful). For example, the Escherichia coli bacterium is very common, and usually harmless in the gut,
but  in  the  bladder  it  can  cause  a  urinary  infection.  Other  bacteria  (eg. Mycobacterium  tuberculosis  that  cause
tuberculosis) are always pathogenic. 
Pathogenic bacteria can penetrate  into healthy  tissues, and start multiplying  into vast numbers. When  they do
this they damage the tissue that they are infecting, causing it to break down into pus. Because of the damage they
cause, the involved area becomes red, swollen, hot and painful. The waste products of the damaged tissue, along
with the bacteria, spread into the blood stream, and this stimulates the brain to raise the body temperature in order

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